Power Rails from Battery Connector to Charging IC

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  1. PP_BATT_VCC:
    • This is the main battery voltage rail that originates directly from the battery connector. It carries the raw battery voltage (typically 3.8V–4.2V, depending on charge level) into the mainboard.
    • It’s the starting point of power distribution and feeds into various subsystems, including the charging and power management circuits.
  2. PP_VCC_MAIN:
    • After PP_BATT_VCC, the voltage often passes through protective components (like fuses or MOSFETs) and becomes PP_VCC_MAIN. This rail powers the primary circuits on the board, including the Power Management IC (PMIC) and, indirectly, the charging IC.
    • On the iPhone 12 Pro, this rail is a key intermediary between the battery and downstream power regulation.
  3. PP_BUS (or similar intermediate rail)**:
    • Some iPhone designs use an intermediate bus voltage rail (sometimes labeled PP_BUS or a variant) that connects PP_BATT_VCC to the charging IC and other components. This rail might be filtered or regulated slightly before reaching the charging IC.
  4. PP_CHGR_VBAT (or equivalent)**:
    • This rail is specific to the charging circuit and connects the battery voltage to the charging IC (e.g., Apple’s custom Tigris IC in iPhones). It’s the direct input to the charging IC from the battery side, allowing the IC to monitor and manage battery power.

Charging IC Details:

  • In the iPhone 12 Pro, the charging IC is typically Apple’s Tigris chip (e.g., U5400 or similar), which handles battery charging, voltage regulation, and communication with the PMIC.
  • The Tigris IC takes PP_BATT_VCC (or its filtered variant) as an input and outputs regulated voltage to charge the battery or supply the system when charging via USB-C (Lightning port).

Path Summary:

  • Battery Connector → PP_BATT_VCC → PP_VCC_MAIN → PP_CHGR_VBAT → Charging IC (Tigris).
  • Along this path, there are protective components (e.g., overvoltage protection MOSFETs) and sometimes small filters (capacitors) to stabilize the voltage.

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